as much as possible im going to do a cam exhaust and injectors and intake so my questions are what do you think my gain would be with your pcm and can it be piggy backed with a plug in tuner thanks matt, would i be able to get a retune if i add a cam after, and what is the turn around time, thanks. 49073 - Banks Power TorqueTubes GM P-series 7.4L 454 96-00, SPW7400 - UltraPower 7.4L Vortec Magnum Workhorse/Chevrolet Spark Plug Wires (1996-2000). This modification won't be cheap or easy to install, but will eventually pay for itself if you do a lot of towing or drive a lot of miles. The valve train is OHV with two valves per cylinder and multi-port fuel injection for fuel induction. The Vortec 454 was touted as having substantially more power. If you had the proper tuning software, you could tune it yourself later. Yes that would be fine, you would just need to call in to our service department and schedule a date :). Buy your ELGIN Industries HL-7003S Hydraulic Roller Valve Lifters set at Amazon. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. 5. Their high performance cellulose glass media traps contaminants such as rust, dirt, scale and other foreign materials. The upgraded Vortec 7400 is a 7.4L V8 OHV 16V-volt FI engine. 800-417-4559 Jay, https://www.ultrarvproducts.com/UltraPower-GM-Workhorse-7.4L-(454)-Custom-Tuning. I plan on the injector and ignition work done in march.
Chevy Engine Kit - Chevy Stroker Kit, 454 Big Block, 454, 496 - Coast High Will the UltraPower tune, give me the "best bang for my buck" performance increase? The Vortec 7400 as you know lays down 290 HP and 410 LbFt of Torque. I've installed hypertech power programmer, lower thermostat, gale banks torque tube headers and full exhaust, with hi-flow catalytic converters, shift-kit for tranny and larger external cooler. We wanted to make sure the air/fuel and timing curves were spot on before running the supercharged monstrosity in anger.
Chevrolet Performance 454 HO 454ci/438HP Crate Engine - JEGS Please contact us directly to set that up at 800-417-4559. The 7.4 Vortec was essentially the same big block 454 that Chevrolet used to power its muscle cars, but it gained a hydraulic roller camshaft and improved cylinder heads to make it considerably more efficient than the old LS6 could ever hope for. We can tune the 2000 ECM for that engine and I'm pretty sure the ignition harness on that vehicle has no tie in with the ECM. When taken together, this fairly inexpensive approach can be good for noticeable gains in fuel economy. The peak numbers jumped from 791 hp and 713 lb-ft with no intercooler to 847 hp and 761 lb-ft with the intercooler. It has an ohv configuration with two valves per cylinder and a bore and stroke of 4.24 inches x 3 on the intake side. If product is incorrect for the provided VIN we will contact you to revise order. This thing is weak as water. Whats left, though, is a 454 cubic-inch big-block Chevy with huge potential. 454 L29 Power Upgrade. Even stock we see impressive gains but even more so with the Banks PowerPack installed. We do not, however, have core PCM's for this engine so you would have to send your PCM in for the flash. Oxygen sensor modifications can be done. K&N Performance Fuel Filters are built for high flow rates and capacity while they provide outstanding filtration. Is there a way you could tune that out completely or as much out as you possibly can? The L29 454 was originally rated at 290 hp and 440 lb-ft of torque thanks to a combination of fuel injection, large oval-port heads (to replace the peanut ports used in the previous Gen V motors) and a slightly higher static compression ratio. Marks spare time was heavily consumed by reading automotive magazines and wondering how in the heck people could land a job testing cars all day. A cold air induction setup will feed the engine cooler and more oxygen-dense air. I have a 1996 Winnebago with a P30 chassis and a 454 75,000 miles and runs great. "SE" Special Edition Tuning Kit For MerCruiser 454 & 502 Magnum MPI Engines. They seem to be similar to those used in your RV work. Apr 10, 2008 #5 M MyBoTy Veteran Member Thanks. Whats the stock numbers on a Vortec 454? This left us with Mark 4, Gen V and Gen VI big blocks to choose from, any of which would work for this project. There should be no reason to ever need to reprogrammed in the future and if you needed a replacement PCM we can take care of that for you. I'm interested in the available upgrades for the vortec 454. The engine receives cooler, more oxygen-dense air through a chilly air induction system.
Need advice: 454 VI L29 Build | Hot Rod Forum Install an aftermarket windage tray in your engine. I have a 2000 gmc k2500 with the l29 454. high flow intake elbow, filter and MAF Have you plugged an OBD2 reader into the truck to see what it is displaying for RPM? I am ready to pull the trigger if I continue to run 87 octane fuel. Free shipping for many products! $119.95. Would the retuned ECM provide any performance gains above what are present now? I am in a non emissions state My 98 GMC K2500 L29 7.4 litre has 2.5" true dual exhaust with pro Flowmax mufflers an X-Pipe, cat delete but still has both upstream and both downstream o2 sensors. We have no issues with tuning a higher mileage engine as long as it is in good running condition. If it does work what would do for pulling and climbing hills? A stock 12v ain't got **** on a BBC. BBK Power Plus 80 millimeter Throttle Body for GM Vortech 305/350/454 for all BBK 1996-1999 GM Vortec 305, 350, 454 throttle bodies are designed to increase airflow and improve horsepower from between 7-12 HP depending on the vehicle and . For this test, the motor was configured with an Edelbrock RPM Air Gap intake and Holley 750 carburetor. Chevrolet Performance's 454 HO crate engine is a Big-Block bargain - an affordable engine with performance specs that will make you think it's 1970 all over again. I had a 7.3 F250 about 8 years ago and I really think the ol Chevy would run with it or out run it. The tuning alone will be the single biggest change you can make to improve power and throttle response. I fought this truck with the cats deleted and air pump disabled. I plan on a couple of cross country trips this summer before the Banks PPB install, so, should I wait for the tune until after the Banks install or do the tune this year?
L29 Vortec 454 power? - Don Terrill's Speed-Talk This is perfect for an otherwise stock engine as the gains are the best bang for the buck by far. At this point the engine run well, with no code problems. It is a re-programmed ECM, either you send yours in or we send you one on a core exchange. Can you tune my new 2000 ECM and will it work without the original key and ignition harness. The guys over at Hot Rod magazine wanted to prove its possible to make big horsepower from a Chevrolet big-block V-8 lifted from a junk1986 motorhome. We can tune it if you can build it :). This project will also let customers know if spendintg approx $2300 on all these upgrades is going to give them the results they need from their big block engines. The 8.1 Vortec was produced to compete with Dodge's 8.1 Magnum V10, and Ford's V10 Triton engines of the time. While we do get reports back of fuel economy gains, that is something we can not guarantee as there are just too many variables that can affect an RV's fuel economy. This cam is designed specifically for the TBI 350 small-block and specs at 194/214 degrees of duration at .050-inch tappet lift with .398/.442-inch lift. I have 2000 Itasca, 30 foot Class A motor home with a high mileage engine, will the ECM performance reprogramming, short the life of my engine? You will gain approximately 35-40 horsepower and 45 lb-ft torque. I think they were made before Chevy started using real tornados. Yes, we can resolve your issues. Thanks. The stock injectors are fine for our performance tuning.
Top 4 Best Cam For Stock 454 Big Block Review - Tools BIble Vortech supplied a pulley combination that included an 80-tooth crank pulley and 32-tooth blower pulley which provided a drive ratio of 2.5:1. If so, is that the unit that sits above the radiator of a 2000 Itasca Suncruiser V32 w/ L29 7.4l (454ci) Vortec? The 7400 was essentially the same big block 454 that carried Chevy through the muscle car years, but a hydraulic roller camshaft and revised cylinder heads helped to make it far more efficient than the old LS6 could ever dream of being. Very interested in this. Using 3.5-inch aluminum tubing from CXRacing, we configured the intercooler between the YSI supercharger and the blow-through carburetor bonnet. We tune the original black box PCM but do not do the 411 swap. The 1993-or-so design FEAD has been shown the clear the factory hood. This mod will not be inexpensive or simple to execute, but it will pay for itself if you do a lot of towing or drive a lot of miles. We are unaware of any cam upgrades specifically for the L21. Although Chevrolet does not explicitly recommend it, because a full synthetic is so slippery, you can use a lighter weight oil without risk of excessive engine wear. It gets you an EGR blockoff plate for the Vortec 4.3/305/350 engines. thanks, Hey i have a 1997 chevy k2500 7.4 manual nv4500 trans 3.73 engine bone stock with 45,678 on rebuild with a working good ecm is tunning a question if so how much $. Steel Camshaft 4. Weve seen a few 1996-1997 PCMs with this issue. I am of the same opinion that the UltraPower programming is going to be by far your best "bang for the buck". Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for BBK Performance Parts 1710-XC GM VORTEC 305/350/454 80MM POWER PLUS THROTTLE BOD at the best online prices at eBay! Warmed up at idle the gauge is reading 1200RPM then put it into drive holding the brake and its reading about 1000RPM. 496 cubic inches. So, I am contemplating upgrading this thing for more power, or selling and buying a Dmax.
Parts overview- James L29 Vortec 454 build Ep2 - YouTube 454 Vortec - What happened to the horsepower? - Google Groups The old camshaft came out, too, with a meatier hydraulic bump stick with 0.600 inches of lift taking its place. I'm is Arizona and I'm planning a trip this month after Bonneville, to Aberdeen, home town, and Centralia, still have relatives there. Sequential-Port Fuel Injection (454 only had 2 Throttle Body Injectors) 3.
Vortec Big block performance upgrades. - GMT400 Yes we modify the shift patterns to hold the upper gears longer, your shift kit would not interfere or cause issues. Return shipping is included , you are responsible for shipping to us , however if you choose the "core charge" and order the ECM , we can provide a return shipping label for your core and deduct from the core refund. The tire are one size larger than stock to the speedometer is off a little.
7.4 Liter Vortec Info | GMC Truck Forum We immediately checked the latest 8.1L off the list due to lack of availability and parts cross over. Check for Availability: $349.95. The Vortec enhancements simply allowed GM to pass smog at a higher RPM. Thinner oil drags less on internal engine parts, helping the engine to spin more freely and run more efficiently. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. We promise not to use your email address for anything but exclusive updates from the Power Automedia Network. Does this computer hav egr delete programmed into it. my old part number on ecm is 16263494 on 1999 454. Engine is in stock configuration with no upgrades.
BBK Performance Parts 1710-XC GM VORTEC 305/350/454 80MM POWER PLUS Headers exhaust. We also took the liberty of installing a Race-Port blow-off valve from Turbo Smart.
Boneyard Boost: Vortech 454 - Street Muscle So if I have your tune done what is the turn around time sending my PCM to you? oh, by the way, this is a low mileage engine, single owner and I have taken excellent care of this truck. Also the torque management. Stronger shift points for towing and power. 4.56 might be abit tall. Thanks. We are currently waiting on more ECM's to come in to be able to provide them on exchange. Could you do a downstream 02 sensor delete? Gains will be on par with what we achieve with the RV's so it will very well suited for towing.
vortec 454 cam? - Trucks, Trailers, RV's & Toy Haulers - ThumperTalk I have now disassembled the entire engine (except the crank and pistons) to check that everything looks good, remove all the dirt and grease and to prepare it for a rebuild. Install an aftermarket windage tray in your engine. The intercooler did indeed drop the inlet air temps before the carburetor from 248 degrees to 111 degrees and the cooler charge dramatically improved the power output. In our quest to locate a suitable 454, a typical rip to the wrecking yard revealed at least three of the four available big-block combinations. Stock TBI 454 makes 230hp and 380tq so stock fuel pump is maxed out right off and a typical 454 will run better with a fuel pump upgrade even with stock chip. It is $495 if your sending your core/pcm in first. Feel free to call me with your vin # handy if you would like to get your order in. Is this enough information to create a tune or will you need more information? Can i tell if my RV has this already? We gain on average 45-50 horsepower and 50 ft. lb. Also I want to send you guys mine as core but I wanted to get yours first so Im not without my truck and if something goes wrong I can plug my factory one back in, so can I wait to send mine till after I get yours? My car is GMC pick-up 7.4L 1998. it is manual transmission. We measured our stock iron heads right out of the box and the retainer-to-seal clearance was only .470-inch. I heard these trucks have a torque management system does this computer give my truck back all its power?
Opinions On the 7.4 / 454 Suburbans and engine - Expedition Portal The tune will definitely wake the truck up. We are not able to assist in providing this PCM. what does this do at emission inspections?? If you can find this PCM in a salvage yard or from a different type of vehicle that uses the same, we can likely program it to your vehicle for you. Distributors cap and rotor kit features brass inserts and stainless steel rotor springs,designed to provide the best possible fit to ensure maximum conductivity between the distributor towers and spark plug wires,prevents arc through and crossfire. The Vortec 8100 was built off of the GM 454 engine platform, also known as the 7.4 Vortec. The previous owner had the engine rebuilt in 2012 and tells me they installed an RV cam but I am not sure which one. Buy your K&N PF-1000 Fuel Filter at Amazon! Thinner oils allow the internal engine components to spin more freely and effectively, which improves their function. I have a 2000 3500 454. I'm sure there are other differences that would need to be addressed but you should still be able to re-use the original key and ignition harness. The UltraPower ECM performs very well on both stock engines and ones that have been upgraded with other modifications. Yes, we can tune your ECM. I THINK I want a diesel until I look at the prices. 7.3 is 250-275/505-525 stock. I sprayed starter fluid in the tbi and it fired up for a few second. Just wondering because Id buy one of those as well. The results: 567 horsepower and 537 pound-feet of torque on 89-octane pump gas! Following up from previous question, here is the VIN 1GDG6H1BXYJ907917 and #s off the ECM, 09384681, sev. Would you be able to tune this on a new computer so I can keep the original? Our tuning is based off of extensive dyno testing of RV's, and while results may vary, our gains are generally higher than others due to our expertise in the tuning of the L29 7.4L. The Chevrolet 454 was phased out in most passenger vehicles by 1975, but it remained a viable power plant in heavy-duty Chevrolets until 1996. Yes, as long as it is a "J" (8th digit of the VIN) Vortec 7.4L, we can tune it. Your email address will not be published. The engine displacement in liters is 7400, which is readily changed to 7.4 liters. The stock Vortec iron head will not tolerate more than .440-inch lift. Most generic tuners only change very basic parameters within the computer, whereas UltraPower Tuning changes approximately 400 parameters including both engine AND transmission settings. Cost is $395 plus a $175 core charge which is refundable. To find out just how much the 30-year-old behemoth could muster, they took it to Westech Performances dyno room. The General Motors 7400 is the name given to a 7.4-liter Vortec engine produced by GM from 1996 until 2001 as a truck engine. Precision Auto Injectors Set of 8 Genuine OEM 1996-2000 GMC Chevy 7.4L 454CID Vortec Rochester Fuel Injectors. If you want to take full advantage of the cam swap then a custom tune will be needed to address that. I have a uhaul topkick with the 7.4. With our tuning, peak horsepower is at about 3500 RPM and peak torque is about 2500 RPM. Overall Length: 3 inches, 74 mm. Is there any way I could send you that one as a core in return for one to work in my 2000? Reading some of your responses I came across one with regards to a 1996. . Thanks. Check the make, year, and model of your car to see if the VIN number is available. I have a GMC PCM service # 16238212 for a 99 Topkick w/7.4L 454 gas engine; and was wondering if you are able to repair these PCMs/ECMs or have an equivalent I can replace it with? I recently ordered an ecm for a 7.4 vortec and was very impressed.
CHEVROLET 7.4L/454 Parts and Accessories - Summit Racing Equipment The K&N raises the horsepower of your 5.7 Vortec crate engine by 45 percent. If I send yall Parts list of what kind of cam, injectors, pistons, etc. Our typical turn around time is 2-3 business days. Make use of long-tube headers (exhaust manifolds) and an aftermarket exhaust system. I wouldn't mind an EGR delete for the part throttle improvement and a cleaner intake, but mostly I would like to keep everything else functioning, I am looking for more torque below 3,000 rpms, ideally in the 1500-2500 range, because almost all of my driving is in that range. Seems like it's lacking power towing my boat. Its 567 horsepower of usable, reliable, fun power that anybody on a budget can build. The 454 cubic-inch 7400 Vortec V-8 GM motor, which produced 290 horsepower at 4,000 rpm and had 410 pound-feet of torque at 3,200 rpm, was a smooth four cylinder without much difference between the top and bottom.
1996 K3500 454 (7.4L) | Off Roading Forums It would be a good idea to re-tune for the Banks and injection systems. Yes - We can definitely take advantage of the current modifications done to the truck and really help it out.
Reference core exchange, what is the time limit for you to receive the exchange? Windage trays are thin, sheet metal plates that bolt to the bottom of the main caps and act as a barrier between the oil in the pan and the crankshaft counterweights. We can accommodate your requests for the oxygen sensors, speedometer adjustment and increased HP/TQ. We can also adjust your speedometer to be correct. The truck does not need to be emissions compliant. It is unlikely that the Vortec 454 accessories will clear the hood. We don't however specialize in forced induction applications so we would not be able to help you with that. Explore Our Forums. After installed Ultrapower GM/ Workhorse 1998 7.4l Vortec 454c. Having tried the things you already have, I am pretty confident the issue is the PCM. I have a vortec454 in a non smog az tow vehicle. from your CUSTOM TUNING,ECM, J'ai l'intention d'amliorer l'ordinateur de mon VR, par un model ULTRAPOWER mais avant d'acheter, j'ai besoin de savoir quels fuel injecteurs seront le mieux adapts ( conomie et rendement ) avec le nouveau module? performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Growing up, Mark always had a mind for tinkering on random items throughout his home and dads garage, including a 1953 Ford Mainline and 1971 Corvette Stingray.
1999 vortec 454 7.4 - HPTuners However, this engine was intended to provide significant towing power for CAFE-exempt vehicles, so there is still room for improvement. Purchase a Chevy 454 crate engine online from JEGS High Performance. do you think I could get more power with your ecm re-program? Would we still get the good price when you get more control modules in stock? They also installed roller lifters, heavy springs and chain/gears. However, this engine was developed mostly for large towing ability for CAFE-exempt passenger cars, so there is still room for improvement. I'm sorry, we can't tune anything prior to 1996 model year. I've noticed a significant performance uptick, but it seems to fall flat in the upper mid-range, almost seems like it could use a MSD multi spark discharge, I don't know, but I'm considering having a dyno test to see what is happening. Will this correct my RPM gauge issue? Free Shipping over $199* Same Day Shipping before 7pm* Price Match Guarantee Free Shipping over $199* Same Day Shipping before 7pm* Edlebrok performance heads with factory Combustion chamber size 100-110cc, valves set for .700 lift, I-2.190 E-1.880, 3/8" guideplates : http://www.summitracing.com/parts/EDL-60499/ GM Vortec EGR blockoff plate p/n is 12554606. Other #s not sure what they are if theyre useful, 86DAFMM0017433PS, HDW # 16239740. This is a crew cab, 8 foot bed.
Fortec4x4 Jeep Customizing - FORTEC4x4 12568774 438 HP @5300 RPM 500 LB/FT @3500 RPM 1 2 Updated Design The 454 HO features an all-forged rotating assembly for great strength and durability. With the 454, putting in Vortec 350 code and chaning the displacement and enter in the tables/constants/switches appropriate to the 454 is all that is needed. Are there any gains to be had by programing and adding headers to my truck? Is it worth tuning a black box or worth changing to 411, I have headers ,cat delete, 19.5 five 0 injectors, and Pulling cam swap. Learn more.
454 VORTEC UPGRADES | HardlineCrawlers Here is info from COMP Cams. Also I dont have either downstream 02 sensors. Makes NO permanent changes to your vehicle's computer! 2023 Power Automedia. Gains with the modifications you have done would be around 45 HP/ 45 TQ. We do not have a hard and fast rule on core returns for the UltraPower programming ECM's as long as it is in reason.
Vortec 8100 8.1L Chevy GM Performance Parts - GEN 7 Big Block - 496MAG Build your own custom newsletter with the content you love from Street Muscle, directly to your inbox, absolutely FREE! He eventually figured it out. I don't drive the truck daily so could send my ECM to you for tuning My question is would this eliminate the SES light for the cats P0430/20 and air pump ?? Also, is shipping included both ways? Et si je devrai faire recalibrer mon ecm? Please just leave in the order comments your requests to be done. Buy your Big Autoparts Ignition Distributor Set DR474 DR331 at Amazon! as far as the cam, make sure that year didnt have the core support going down the center of the rad (pretty sure it didnt). Performance computer re-calibration and a Custom High flow Billet Flame Arrestor that increases the maximum power by more than 25 HP* and 30 pounds of torque*. I assume the module is a pre-programmed ECM chip that replaces the stock ECM chip. Hello I have 2000 GMC k3500 Truck. Free shipping. With the shut downs due to the virus, our normal service company that does that for us is closed. How much will the customization cost me? In addition to the powerful YSI supercharger, the kit included a cog-drive system to eliminate belt slippage under boost. We require the VIN so that we can pull up your vehicle's specific parameters and create a truly customized tune for your vehicle. UltraPower 7.4L ECM Benefits: Gains of 40-45 HP and 45-50 lb-ft torque depending on existing upgrades Gains of 1/2 - 1 MPG Maintains speed and higher gears when climbing hills I am certain we can get more power and overall better drivability with our tuning versus your current setup.
454 L29 Power Upgrade | Hot Rod Forum The 7400 was essentially the same big block 454 that powered Chevy through the muscle car years, but with improved cylinder heads and a hydraulic roller camshaft, it was far more efficient than the old LS6 could ever hope to be. Of course, the guys wanted to see what the old iron block had in her, so they ran a baseline test. Primary or Expansion Gauges And Upgrade Kits (52mm) For 2008+ OBDII CAN bus vehicles, Upgrading SIx-Gun, Economind, and SpeedBrake, or use with BBus Sensor Modules. These modifications will improve net mileage without sacrificing power, resulting in better overall mpg. Vortech Superchargers Mostly people saying to try this and try that. It was bone stock 2x4 extended cab dually. Windage trays are thin, sheet metal plates that fit over the bottom of the main caps and act as a barrier between the oil in the pan and the crankshaft counterweights. But don't despair.
The heads, pistons, and intake are stock. I do still have all the O2 sensors but would like to delete them if possible. We are currently out of clean/painted cases for the PCM's. Any thoughts from you technical guys? Is this doable? Is it possible to upgrade the ECM on my 1994 Fleetwood Southwind Storm 454 TBI w/4L80E trans?
Roller Lifters 5. For this one, I would want you to send your PCM into us to be done. Next best upgrade you can make is the Banks TorqueTube headers (, We recommend these injectors:https://www.fiveomotorsport.com/bosch-oem-454-j-code-884-black-knight/. . 2019 Rodney W. Brazel Inc. - Ultra RV Products is a Division of Brazel's RV Performance, UltraPower GM / Workhorse 1998-2000 7.4L Vortec (454) Custom Tuning, within 24 hours from the order date. Do a 12 swap and be done. It will not void your factory warranty, and does not modify any emissions systems. . The Vortec 8100 (RPO L18) is a V8 truck engine. For GM vehicles, the Vortec variant increased power by 60 horses.
BBK Performance Parts 1710-XD GM VORTEC 305/350/454 80MM - ebay.com The ignition timing was dropped to 21 degrees and after adding a few jets to the carburetor, we were rewarded with some serious power. The only way to know for certain would be to pull the ECM and send to us so we can read it out and check. It is not 4x4. You would see a nice gain in power, on your 1997 we generally pick up about 30 horsepower and 35 lb-ft torque. Dollar for Dollar, it is highly unlikely that the $2400 for a full blown Banks Power Package would yield the same cost/benefit as say the addition of the UltraPower GM / Workhorse 7.4L (454) Custom Tuning module. UltraPower 7.4L ECM Benefits: Gains of 40-45 HP and 45-50 lb-ft torque depending on existing upgrades Gains of 1/2 - 1 MPG Maintains speed and higher gears when climbing hills no. You can expect about 40-45 horsepower and 45-50 lb-ft torque increase with much better throttle response, crisp shifts and there is a reduction in the "TQ Management". The single core from CXRacing featured 3.5-inch inlet and outlets and had been tested previously at over 1200 hp and 25 psi. The exhaust does not have CATS with dual to the muffler and single exit tailpipe. Thanks for any help. Right now I have a CAI, 2" full length headers, 3" dual exhaust and EGR delete. Only tow rigs I have used to pull my Jeep with was this truck and my DD Driver 5.3 Tahoe. I read in earlier questions asked that you had stopped doing the earlier ones.
Chevy Performance BBC L29 Vortec Cast Iron Cylinder Head - JEGS This engine series was utilized on Chevrolet and GMC large truck models such as the Suburban from 1996 through 2001.